Discourse interpretation is a dynamic process dependent on the background knowledge of the interactants, their relationship and the situational, socio-cultural and pragmatic context in which the interaction takes place. When encoding and decoding meanings in discourse, interactants endeavour to derive an understanding which furthers communication, i.e. they strive to negotiate an interpretation which is, if not identical, sufficiently overlapping to make interaction possible. Coherence, viewed as the interpretative perception of meaningfulness and purposefulness of discourse, is a key aspect of discourse comprehension which encompasses conceptual connectedness, evaluative and dialogical consistency and textual relatedness.
This investigation explores coherence in political speeches focusing on the construction of identities, related social roles and interpersonal and institutional relations. The author argues that consistent self-representation (together with other-presentation) based on referential strategies, such as the use of personal pronouns with anaphoric and deictic interpretation and nominal categorization, contributes to the perception of coherence on all planes of discourse. In addition, since in the genre of political speeches the establishment of existential coherence of the speaker and the institution he/she represents is a crucial factor for acquiring credibility and thus enhancing the persuasive power of the talk, consistent self- and other-representation are regarded as key components in building up an interdiscoursal dimension of coherence. The analysis, undertaken from a pragmatics and stylistics point of view, scrutinises a relatively neglected type of political talk–diplomatic communication within the United Nation’s system; it uses as example a corpus of speeches of the last three Directors-General of UNESCO at the opening of international conferences and meetings, while taking in consideration idiosyncratic variation in the speeches of the three orators.
Building up discourse coherence: Creating identities in political speeches
Autoři:
Vydavatel:
Místo vydání:
Rok vydání:
Strany:
97-119
ISBN/ISSN:
1-4438-1308-7 (vyhledej v knihovnách)
978-1-4438-1308-2 (vyhledej v knihovnách)
Typ publikace:
Jazyk:
Klíčová slova:
Typ záznamu:
Abstrakt:
Bibliografie:
Bublitz, Wolfram 1997 “Introduction: Views on Coherence.” In Coherence in Spoken and Written Discourse, edited by Bublitz, Wolfram, Uta Lenk and Elija Ventola, Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 1-7
Bull, Peter and Anita Fetzer 2006, “Who are We and Who are You? The Strategic Use of Forms of Address in Political Interviews”, Text and Talk 26-1, 3-37
Campbell, Kim S. 1994, Coherence, Continuity and Cohesion, London and New York: Routledge
Campbell, Kim and Peter J. Campbell, 1994, Coherence, Continuity, and Cohesion: Theoretical Foundations for Document Design, Mahwah, NJ and London: Lawrence Erlbaum
Cap, Piotr 2007, “Proximization: A Methodological Account of Legitimization Strategies in the Post-9/11 US Political Discourse”, Topics in Linguistics 1, 13-17
Chilton, Paul 2004. Analysing Political Discourse. London and New York: Routledge.
Chilton, Paul and Christina Schäfner 2002, Politics as Text and Talk: Analytic Approaches to Political Discourse, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins
Cornish, Francis 2008, “How Indexicals Function in Texts: Discourse, Text, and a One Neo-Gricean Account of Indexical Reference”, Journal of Pragmatics 40, 997-1018
Dedaíć, Mirjana N. (2006) “Political Speeches and Persuasive Argumentation.” In Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Vol. 9, edited by Keith Brown. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 700-707
Donahue, Ray T. and Michael H. Prosser. 1997. Diplomatic Discourse: International Conflict at the United Nations–Addresses and Analysis. Greenwich, CT, London: Ablex Publishing Corporation
Dontcheva-Navratilova, Olga 2007a, “On Coherence in Written Discourse.” In Complexity and Coherence: Approaches to Linguistic Research and Language Teaching. REAL Studies 3, edited by Josef Schmied, Christoph Haase and Renata Povolná, Göttingen: Cuvillier Verlag Göttingen, 127-145
—. 2007b, “Some Aspects of Politeness in Public Speaking”, Topics in Linguistics 1, 52-63.
—. 2008, “Some Functions of Self-reference in UNESCO Addresses”, Discourse and Interaction 1/1, 7-24
Duranti, Alessandro 2006, “Narrating the Political Self in a Campaign for U.S. Congress”, Language in Society 35, 467-497
Fairclaugh, Norman, 1989, Language and Power, London: Longman
—. 1992, Discourse and Social Change, Cambridge: Polity Press
Fetzer, Anita 2008, “Theme Zones in English Media Discourse: Forms and Functions”, Journal of Pragmatics 40, 1543-1568
Fetzer, Anita and Elda Weizman 2006, “Political Discourse as Mediated and Public Discourse”, Journal of Pragmatics 38: 143-153
Fowler, Roger 1991, Language in the News, London: Routledge
Giora, Rachel 1985, “Towards a Theory of Coherence”, Poetics Today 6(4): 699-716
—. 1997, “Discourse Coherence and Theory of Relevance: Stumbling Blocks in Search of a Unified Theory”, Journal of Pragmatics 27: 17-34
Gough, Val and Mary Talbot 1996, “‛Guilt over Games Boys Play.’ Coherence as a Focus for Examining the Constitution of Heterosexual Subjectivity on a Problem Page.” In Texts and Practices, edited by Carmen Rosa Caldas-Coulthard and Malcolm Coulthard, London and New York: Routledge
Halliday, Michael A. K. and Ruqaiya Hasan 1976, Cohesion in English, London: Longman
—. 1989. Language, Context and Text: Aspects of Language in a Social-Semiotic Perspective. 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
Hatim, Basil 1997, Communication Across Cultures. Translation Theory and Contrastive Text Linguistics, Exeter: University of Exeter Press
Hellman, Christina 1995, “The Notion of Coherence in Discourse.” In Focus and Coherence in Discourse Processing, edited by Gert Rickheit and Christopher Habel, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Helmbrecht, Johannes 2002, “Grammar and Function of We.” In Us and Others, edited by Anna Duzsak, Amsterdam: John Bemjamins, 31-50
Hobbs, Jerry 1990, Literature and Cognition, Stanford: CSLI Publications
Hodge, Robert and Gunther Kress 1993, Language as Ideology, 2nd ed., London and New York: Routledge
Hoey, Michael 1991, Patterns of lexis in text, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991
—. 2001, Textual Interaction: An Introduction to Written Discourse Analysis, London and New York: Routledge
Honoban, Iseult 2008, “Metaphors of Solidarity.” In Political Language and Metaphor, edited by Terrel Carver and Jernej Pikalo, London and New York: Routledge, 69-82
Hunston, Susan 2007, “Using Corpus to Investigate Stance Quantitavely and qualitatively.” In Stancetaking in Discourse, edited by R. Englebretson, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 27-48
Huddleston, Rodney and Geoffrey K. Pullum 2002, The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Kehler, Andrew 2002, Coherence, Reference and the Theory of Grammar, Stanford: CSLI Publications
Kristeva, Julia 1969, Sémiotique. Recherches pour une sémanalyse, Paris: Seuil
Lemke, Jay L. 1995, Textual Politics: Discourse and Social Dynamics, London: Taylor & Francis
Miššíková, Gabriela 2007, Analysing Translation as Text and Discourse, Praha: JTP
Mühlhäusler, Peter and Ron Harré 1990, Pronouns and People: The Linguistic Construction of Social and Personal Identity, Oxford: Basil Blackwell
Ng, Sik Hung and James J. Bradac 1993, Power in Language, Newbury Park/ London/ New Delhi: Sage
Povolná, Renata 2007, “Aspects of coherence in spoken discourse.” In Complexity and Coherence: Approaches to Linguistic Research and Language Teaching. REAL Studies 3, edited by Josef Schmied, Christoph Haase and Renata Povolná, Göttingen: Cuvillier Verlag, 107-125
Prosser, Michael H. ed. 1970, Sow the Wind, Reap the Whirlwind: Heads of State Address the United Nations, New York: William Morrow
Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech and Jan Svartvik 1985, A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, London: Longman
Reisigl, Martin and Ruth Wodak 2001, Discourse and Discrimination, London and New York: Routledge
Sanders, Tedd, Wilbert Spooren and Leo Noordman 1992, “Towards a Taxonomy of Coherence Relations”, Discourse Processes 15, 1-35
Seidlhofer, Barbara and Henry G. Widdowson 1997, “Coherence in Summary: The Contexts of Appropriate Discourse.” In Coherence in spoken and written discourse, edited by edited by Bublitz, Wolfram, Uta Lenk and Elija Ventola, Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 205-219
Tárnyiková, Jarmila 2002, From Text to Texture. An Introduction to Processing Strategies, Olomouc: Palacky University Olomouc
Thompson, Susan 1994, “Cohesion in Monologue”, Applied Linguistics 15/1, 58-75
Thompson, Geoff and Jianglin Zhou 2000, “Evaluation in Text: The Structuring Role of Evaluative Disjuncts.” In Evaluation in Text, edited by Susan Hunston and Geoff Thompson, Oxford: Oxford University Press
Van Dijk, Teun, 1980, Text and Context: Explorations in the Semantics and Pragmatics of Discourse, London: Longman
—. 1997, “Political Discourse and Racism. Describing Others in Western Parliaments.” In The Language and Politics of Exclusion. Others in Discourse, edited by Stephen H. Riggins, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 31-64
Van De Mieroop, Dorien 2007, “The Complementarity of Two Identities and Two Approaches: Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Institutional and Professional Identity”, Journal of Pragmatics 39, 1120-1142.
Van Leeuwen, Theo 1996, “The Representation of Social Actors.” In Texts and Practices: Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis, edited by Caldas-Coulthard, R. and M. Coulthard, London: Routledge, 32-70
—. 2005, Introducing Social Semiotics, London and New York: Routledge
—. 2007, “Legitimation in Discourse and Communication”, Discourse and Communication Vol.1(1), 91-112.
Widdowson, Henry G. 1979, Explorations in Applied Linguistics, Oxford: Oxford University Press
Wilson, John 1990, Politically Speaking, Oxford: Blackwell
Wodak, Ruth 1996, Disorders of Discourse, London: Longman
—. 2007, “Discourse in European Union organizations: Aspects of Access, Participation and Exclusion”, Text and Talk 27-5/6, 655-680
—. 2008, “Introduction: Discourse Studies–Important Concepts and Terms.” In Qualitative Discourse Analysis in the Social Sciences, edited by Ruth Wodak and Michal Krzyźanowski, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
