The author addresses the content aspect of textual themes. Textual theme is seen as the most static, unifying element embodying the subject matter treated in the respective text. It constitutes a thematic area which encloses three distinct layers arranged from the broadest to the narrowest, resembling a kind of a pyramid. The broadest, most diffuse layer derives from and reflects the comprehensive structure of the communicative event. The central layer of the theme is a complex hierarchized (cognitive) structure, in monologic text selected by the author, whose strategic decisions perspective the content in a particular way. In the narrowest layer the selected item is focused, thus gaining extra prominence. Even if a discourse subject remains the centre of attention throughout the discourse, it is always foregrounded against the respective background, the broadest and the central layers, which are activated even if only implied.
On the Content Aspect of Textual Themes
Autoři:
Vydavatel:
Místo vydání:
Rok vydání:
Strany:
191-206
ISBN/ISSN:
978-3-89971-704-4 (vyhledej v knihovnách)
Typ publikace:
Jazyk:
Kontakt:
m.pipal@volny.cz
Abstrakt:
Bibliografie:
Brown, Gillian and George Yule (1983) Discourse Analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brown, Keith (ed.) (2006) Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, vol. 12, 2nd edition, Oxford: Elsevier Ltd.
Bublitz, Wolfram, Uta Lenk (1999) »Disturbed Coherence: >Fill me in<,« in Bublitz, Wolfram, Uta Lenk, Eija Ventola (eds) Coherence in Spoken and Written Discourse: How to Create It and How to Describe It, Selected Papers from the International Workshop on Coherence, Augsburg, 24-27 April 1997, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Calfree, Robert C., Robert Curley (1984) »Structures of Prose in the Content Areas,« in Flood, James (ed.) Understanding Reading Comprehension: Cognition, Language, and the Structure of Prose, Newark, Delaware: International Reading Association, Inc., 161-180.
Coulthard, Malcolm (1977) An Introduction to Discourse Analysis, Harlow, Essex: Longman.
Červenka, Miroslav (1992) Významová výstavba literárního díla [The Meaning Structure of a Literary Work of Art], Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Philologica, Monographia CXVI, Prague: Universita Karlova.
Čmejrková, Světla, František Daneš, Jindra Světlá (1999) Jak napsat odborný text [How to Write an Academic Text], Prague: Leda.
Daemrich, Horst S., Ingrid Daemrich (1986) Themes & Motifs in Western Literature: A Handbook, Tübingen: Francke Verlag.
Daneš, František (1989a.) Functional Sentence Perspective« and Text Connectedness,« in Conte, Maria-Elisabeth, János S. Petöfi, Emel Sözer (eds) Text and Discourse Connectedness, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Co., 23-31.
Daneš, František (1989b) »Report of Roger G. van de Velde’s Paper >Man, Verbal Text, Inferencing, and Coherences« in Heydrich, Wolfgang, Fritz Neubaueer, János S. Petöfi and Emel Sözer (eds) Connexity and Coherence: Analysis of Text and Discourse, Berlin/ New York: Walter de Gruyter, 228-239.
Daneš, František (1994) »Odstavec jako centrální jednotka tematicko-kompoziční výstavby textu (na materiále textů výkladových) [Paragraph as a Central Unit of the Thematic and Compositional Build-up of the Text (On the Material of Expository Texts)],« Slovo a slovesnost, 55: 1-17.
Daneš, František (1995) »Paragraph - A Central Unit of the Thematic and Compositional Build-up of Texts,« in Warwik, Brita, Sanna-Kaisa Tanskanen, Risto Hiltunen (eds) Organization in Discourse: Proceedings from the Turku Conference, Turku: University of Turku, 29-40.
Dijk, Teun A. van (1981) Studies in the Pragmatics of Discourse, The Hague: Mouton Publishers.
Downing, Angela (2003) »Negotiating Topic Coherence through Talk-in-Action,« in Josef Hladký (ed.) Language and Function: To the Memory of Jan Firbas, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 111 - 122.
Downing, Angela and Philip Locke (1992) A University Course in English Grammar, New York/London: Prentice Hall.
Enkvist, Nils Erik (1991) »Discourse Strategies and Discourse Types,« in Eija Ventola (ed.) Functional and Systemic Linguistics: Approaches and Uses, Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 5-22.
Firbas, Jan (1995) »On the Thematic and the Rhematic Layers of a Text,« in Warvik, Brita, Sanna-Kaisa Tanskannen and Risto Hiltunen (eds) Organization in Discourse: Proceedings from the Turku Conference, Turku: University of Turku, 59-72.
Giora, Rachel (1985) »What’s a Coherent Text?« in Sözer, Emel (ed.) Text Connexity, Text Coherence: Aspects, Methods, Results, Mainz: Helmut Buske Verlag Hamburg, 16-35.
Hajičová, Eva (1993) Issues of Sentence Structure and Discourse Patterns: Theoretical and Computational Linguistics, vol. II, Prague: Faculty of Philosophy, Charles University.
Hasan, Ruqaiya (1985) Linguistics, Language, and Verbal Art, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hausenblas, Karel (1969) »Krátká úvaha na téma >téma< [Short Reflexion on the Topic of >the Topic<],« Česká literatura, časopis pro literární vědu 17: 3- 10.
Hausenblas, Karel (1971) Výstavba jazykových projevů a styl [The Structure of Utterances and Style], Prague: Karlova Univerzita.
Havránek, Bohuslav (1932 [1964]) »The Functional Differentiation of the Standard Language,« in Garvin, Paul L. (ed.) A Prague School Reader on Esthetics, Literary Structure, and Style, Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 3- 16.
Kořenský, Jan, Jana Hoffmannová, Alena Jaklová and Olga Miillerová (1987) Komplexní analýza komunikativního procesu a textu [A Complex Analysis of the Communicative Process and the Text], České Budějovice: Pedagogická fakulta České Budějovice.
Kuno, Susumu (2004) »Empathy and Direct Discourse Perspectives,« in Horn, Lawrence R. and Gregory L. Ward (eds) The Handbook of Pragmatics, Malden/Oxford/Victoria: Blackwell Publishing, 315-343.
Linell, Per (1998) Approaching Dialogue: Talk, Interaction and Contexts in Dialogical Perspectives, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Martin, James R. (1992) English Text: System and Structure, Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Martin, James R., Rose, David (2003) Working with Discourse, London/New York: Continuum.
Mathesius, Vilém (1942 [1982]) »Umění psát odstavce: Řeč a sloh [The Art of Writing Paragraphs: Speech and Style],« in Jazyk, kultura a slovesnost, Praha: Odeon, 92 - 146.
Miššíková, Gabriela (2005) »Background Knowledge in Interpretation of Discourse,« in Povolná, Renata and Olga Dontcheva-Navrátilová (eds) Discourse and Interaction 1, Brno: Masarykova univerzita v Brně, Pedagogická fakulta, 85 - 97.
Mukařovský, Jan (1932 [1964]) »Standard Language and Poetic Language,« in Garvin, Paul L. (ed.) A Prague School Reader on Esthetics, Literary Structure, and Style, Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 17-30.
Peer, Willie van (1989) »How to Do Things with Texts: Towards a Pragmatic Foundation for the Teaching of Texts,« in Short, Michael H. (ed.) Reading, Analysing and Teaching Literature, London: Longman, 267-297.
Peterka, Josef (2001) Teorie literatury pro učitele [Literary Theory for Teachers], Praha: Pedagogická fakulta.
Pípalová, Renata (forthcoming) Thematic Organization of Paragraphs and Higher Text Units, to appear in Prague: UK PEDF.
Povolná, Renata (2005) »On the Role of Some Interactive D-items in Different Genres of Spoken English,« in Čermák, Jan, Aleš Klégr, Markéta Malá, Pavlína Saldová (eds) Patterns: A Festschrift for Libuše Dušková, Praha: FFUK/KMF, 169-181.
Tárnyiková, Jarmila (2002) From Text to Texture, Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci.
Tomlin, Russell S., Linda Forrest, Ming Ming Pu and Myung Hee Kim (1997) »Discourse Semantics,« in Dijk, Teun A. van (ed.) Discourse Studies. A Multidisciplinary Introduction, vol.l, Discourse as a Structure and Process, London/Thousand Oaks/New Delhi: Sage, 63-111.
